Uma espiral virtuosa de criação de novas estratégias e nichos

Quando aqui reflicto e escrevo sobre como se pode ser optimista face a um futuro onde "Mongo rules", ou seja, onde as PMEs triunfam, onde as mega-empresas não têm hipótese de competir a não ser nos negócios de escala, ou seja do preço mais baixo, é sobre o comportamento de "complex adaptive systems" saudáveis que escrevo.
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Este trecho de Holland e Miller "Artificial Agents in Economic Theory" descreve bem o que procuro transmitir:
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"Many economic systems can be classified as complex adaptive systems. Such a system is complex in a special sense:

• (i) It consists of a network of interacting agents (processes, elements); 
• (ii) it exhibits a dynamic, aggregate behavior that emerges from the individual activities of the agents; and 
• (iii) its aggregate behavior can be described without a detailed knowledge of the behavior of the individual agents. 

An agent in such a system is adaptive if it satisfies an additional pair of criteria: the actions of the agent in its environment can be assigned a value (performance, utility, payoff, fitness, or the like); and the agent behaves so as to increase this value over time. A complex adaptive system, then, is a complex system containing adaptive agents, networked so that the environment of each adaptive agent includes other agents in the system.

(Moi ici: Segue-se agora a essência da coisa) Complex adaptive systems usually operate far from a global optimum or attractor. (Moi ici: A presença de atractores, de factores que ultrapassam a aleatoriedade, significa, no meu entendimento, que o sistema está "doente" como na Espanha que se concentrou no imobiliário, ou no Portugal que se focou nos bens não transaccionáveis) Such systems exhibit many levels of aggregation, organization, and interaction, each level having its own time scale characteristic behavior. Any given level can usually be described in terms of local niches that can be exploited by particular adaptations. The niches are various, so it is rare that any given agent can exploit all of them, as rare as finding a universal competitor in a tropical forest. (Moi ici: Nichos, nichos, diversidade, mais diversidade, fim das mega-empresas presentes com sucesso em todas as partes de um negócio) Moreover, niches are continually created by new adaptations. It is because of this ongoing evolution of the niches, and the perpetual novelty that results, that the system operates far from any global attractor. (Moi ici: Quem apela ao proteccionismo está mais à procura de defender o passado do que a construir o futuro. Há sempre mais alternativas, há sempre novas possibilidades) Improvements are always possible and, indeed, occur regularly.
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The everexpanding range of technologies and products in an economy, or the everimproving strategies in a game like chess, provide familiar examples. Adaptive systems may settle down temporarily at a local optimum, where performance is good in a comparative sense, but they are usually uninteresting if they remain at that optimum for an extended period."