Controlling the old, conventional problems – to produce at lower cost, to achieve satisfactory quality constantly, to meet delivery promises, to cut down the time necessary to deliver each order, to get new products into production more quickly, and to maintain investment, facilities, and inventories at low levels while adjusting flexibly to changes in volume – became even more difficult. This set of conflicting requirements intensified the fact that no matter what manufacturing managers attempt to do, they have always been easily susceptible to criticism by top management. This is inherent in the nature of the manufacturing world: The successful manufacturer must produce quickly and deliver on schedule a quality product at a minimum of cost and investment.
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In the middle of this research into what was going on in United States industry, of course I came across some companies whose manufacturing functions were extraordinarily well-managed. The outstanding feature of these companies seemed to be that in some way or another they had forged manufacturing into a major and formidable competitive weapon. They competed not only with new products, marketing, advertising, and skillful financing, but also with unique approaches to a competence in manufacturing. They competed with manufacturing because they had exceptionally short deliveries, or remarkably low costs, or could move fast in developing new products, or produced the same volume with much lower investment than their competitors."
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