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Our view is that organizational politics must be accepted as going hand in hand with successful strategy making.
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Statements about the strategic future of the organization will be used, when appropriate, as a part of the negotiation for resources but will not form part of a coherent whole, nor result in action.
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… introduced the idea that organizations are a negotiated order. Negotiating a new order is the most crucial element of political feasibility.
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Every person has their own ideas about what the organization is for and how it should get there. This means that any change will have to be determined through negotiation – the creation of a new negotiated order. This new negotiated order is determined independently of who is to deliver and maintain the new order.
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It is possible for one person to determine the nature of the best new order by analysis of the “facts”. But, in organizations, these facts are disputed, and so negotiation amongst players is required to establish which facts are to be used in the analysis. (Moi ici: Por isto não concordo com a frase do candidato presidencial Cavaco Silva: "Dois adultos, perante os mesmos factos chegam às mesmas conclusões")
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… creating a new “negotiated order”, recognizes that resolution of the tensions between what each of the powerful actors in the organization wants for the organization demands a social process that explores the different perspectives and negotiates an acceptable way forward. (Moi ici: Assim, recorrer apenas às técnicas, recorrer apenas ao lado racional, às justificações mais que razoáveis... não chega. Daí a importância da gestão de topo neste processo para negociar um caminho em frente que seja aceitável, que seja consensual )
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Decisions can rarely, if ever, be enacted without recourse to social negotiation and so a consideration of power and politics.”