Desigualdade e produtividade

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"This paper links data on establishments and individuals to analyze the role of establishments in the increase in inequality that has become a central topic in economic analysis and policy debate. It decomposes changes in the variance of log earnings among individuals into the part due to changes in earnings among establishments and the part due to changes in earnings within-establishments and finds that much of the 1970s-2010s increase in earnings inequality results from increased dispersion of the earnings among the establishments where individuals work. It also shows that the divergence of establishment earnings occurred within and across industries and was associated with increased variance of revenues per worker. Our results direct attention to the fundamental role of establishment-level pay setting and economic adjustments in earnings inequality."

Trecho retirado de "It’s Where You Work: Increases in Earnings Dispersion across Establishments and Individuals in the U.S."
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"This paper examines earnings inequality along a dimension that previous research has largely ignored: the establishments that employ the worker. Viewing inequality through an establishment lens, we find that most of the increased variance in earnings among individuals is associated with increased variance of average earnings among the establishments where they work. Our findings direct attention to the role of establishment and firm pay setting and labor market adjustments by place of work in the rising tide of inequality."

Cada vez há mais modelos de negócio, cada vez há mais dispersão nas opções estratégicas e produtividade intra-sectorial, daí que umas unidades possam pagar mais aos seus trabalhadores, porque têm margens mais confortáveis e outras não.

"From the productivity side, establishments in markets with inherent heterogeneity in workplace productivity due to differences in the introduction of new technology or other supply shocks or that face differential changes in product demand are likely to see productivity increases spilling over to wages through “rent-sharing” behavior."

"In short, the pattern of change in pay and potentially other economic outcomes in the establishments where people work has been a major factor in the much-heralded increase in inequality"