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"Over the course of the 20th century, the assembly line model evolved within a changing landscape of more flexible machinery and complex supply chains and distribution networks. What we have today looks more like an interconnected manufacturing web than isolated production-line factories.
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Another way of thinking about these shifts is in terms of how they transform raw materials into finished products. The moving assembly line, first introduced at Ford’s Highland Park, Michigan plant in 1913, employed a wide variety of material and resource inputs and a vast number of manufacturing processes to steadily produce a strictly limited set of objects in massive numbers. Today’s manufacturing web, in contrast, is far more flexible, diversified, and agile. Plants and machines can quickly be retooled and revved up or down to “burst-produce” far smaller runs of a much larger set of products.
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3D printing and open design also present us with the opportunity to break down the standardization and uniformity that’s been enforced by mass production for a century. In its place, we will see an explosion of personalized objects, introducing for the first time artisanal characteristics to manufactured products. (Moi ici: É esta a terminologia que costumo usar aqui, a do artesanato)
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These new possibilities mean that open fabrication will take the spectrum of consumer product experiences we are familiar with and push it to the extreme edges — at the same time rendering objects both more meaningless and banal and also giving them uniqueness and personality.
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Open fabrication will challenge key assumptions of industrial production: that there are always increasing returns to scale, that complex supply chains are needed to fabricate complex objects, and that manufacturing processes (rather than design, which can easily be copied) are the core intellectual property.
As these foundations are disrupted in manufacturing’s version of the Big Bang, we’ll see the ways manufacturing is organized in physical space fragment and recombine along several dimensions:
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Traditional assembly lines have long placed limitations on where and how objects can be produced because the scale needed to reduce unit costs requires massive centralization. 3D printing will allow production to be moved closer to the site of consumption and allow supply chains to fragment into many very small-scale parts producers. Also, 3D printers are self-contained, more standardized than computer-controlled machine tools, and require a supply chain to provide only two things: electric power and a limited set of feedstocks. This will enable new kinds of manufacturing business models based on short-run, site-, and event-specific or even ad hoc production runs."
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Trechos retirados de "The Future of Open Fabrication Report