Isto fez-me recordar uma das estórias mais interessantes no livro de Tim Harford, "The Data Detective":
"It was a vital question. Across the UK, mortality rates for newborn babies varied substantially for no obvious reason. Could doctors and nurses be doing anything different to save these children?...The explanation for the disparity in mortality rates was quite different.When a pregnancy ends at, say, twelve or thirteen weeks, everyone would call that a miscarriage. When a baby is born prematurely at twenty-four weeks or later, UK law requires this to be recorded as a birth. But when a pregnancy ends just before this cutoff point—say, at twenty-two or twenty-three weeks—how it should be described is more ambiguous. A fetus born at this stage is tiny, about the size of an adult’s hand. It is unlikely to survive. Many doctors call this heartbreaking situation a “late miscarriage” or a “late fetal loss,” even if the tiny child briefly had a heartbeat or took a few breaths. Dr. Smith tells me that parents who have been through this experience often feel strongly that the word “miscarriage” is inadequate. Perhaps in the hope of helping these parents to process their grief, the community of neonatal doctors in the Midlands had developed the custom of describing the same tragedy in a different way: the baby was born alive, but died shortly after.Mercifully few pregnancies end at twenty-two or twenty-three weeks. But after doing some simple arithmetic, Lucy Smith realized that the difference in how these births were treated statistically was enough to explain the overall gap in newborn mortality between the two hospital groups. Newborns were no more likely to survive in London after all. It wasn’t a difference in reality, but a difference in how that reality was being recorded.The same difference affects comparisons between countries. The United States has a notoriously high infant mortality rate for a rich country— 6.1 deaths per thousand live births in 2010. In Finland, by comparison, it is just 2.3. But it turns out that physicians in America, like those in the UK’s Midlands, seem to be far more likely to record a pregnancy that ends at twenty-two weeks as a live birth, followed by an early death, than as a late miscarriage."
Quantas vezes somos vítimas deliberadas das especulações em torno destas "mudanças"?
