- Na indústria do vidro da Marinha Grande;
- Na pesca;
- Na restauração e hotelaria;
- ...
- paletes de mão de obra barata (uma série de 6 postais)
"a substantial part of shortage occupations are not particularly highly skilled, but rather consist of strenuous and low-paid work...within the group of industries where high levels of shortage were reported in 2023, there is a clear pattern that shortages are higher where wages are relatively lower...wages tend to increase as shortages rise...shortages are aggravated by bad quality jobs and that raising job quality is a way to compete for labour"
"We find that individual wages increase faster in tight labour markets, confirming that firms have to pay more if they want to attract or retain workers....The effect of labour market tightness on wage growth is stronger at the bottom of the wage distribution, suggesting that low-wage workers gain relatively more from tight labour markets....Occupations in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) show particularly pronounced wage effects from tightness, whereas in regulated occupations such as health care, effects are much weaker....Labour market tightness translates into wage growth, indicating that shortages are not absolute but relative to the wage and working conditions firms are willing to offer."
"Labour shortages occur when demand for labour exceeds supply at prevailing wages and working conditions. They are not absolute scarcities of workers....Standard economic theory predicts that in such situations wages should rise, reducing shortages as more people are willing to work at the higher wage....Shortages often reflect poor job quality - low pay, limited career prospects, difficult working conditions - rather than a lack of available workers."
Em "When upskilling is good but not enough: Understanding labour shortages through a job-quality lens" (interessante aqui a ponte para o nosso SNS) pode ler-se:
"workers may be unwilling to enter or stay in due to poor job quality in terms of pay and non-pay aspects, including job insecurity, inflexible hours arrangements, strenuous working conditions, and physical and mental health risks.
...
The sectors with the strongest shortages show stagnating or even declining real wages, discouraging potential applicants.
...
These jobs are disproportionately filled by women and migrants, groups with less bargaining power and more often employed under precarious contracts."
Deste último artigo deixo para reflexão este parágrafo:
"Another driver, which is often overlooked, is the relatively low attractiveness of many of the jobs affected by high shortages (Causa et al. 2025). This pertains to poor job quality, in terms of pay and non-pay conditions, reducing individuals’ incentives to enter or stay in these jobs – especially contact-intensive jobs in areas such as health and personal care, hospitality, and transportation. Some of the occupations and sectors that exhibit shortages are characterised by stagnating real wages and poor job quality, high incidence of shift work and temporary contracts, and higher-than-average exposure to mental and physical risks. Such characteristics can deter workers from entering or remaining employed, especially in healthcare, transportation and storage, accommodation and food, and construction."
De "Labour shortages and labour market inequalities: evidence and policy implications" retiro só uma citação, para evitar continuar a repetir-me:
"What is often described as a lack of workers is, in reality, a lack of jobs that workers are willing to take at the wages and conditions offered."
Percebo cada vez melhor porque os operários e trabalhadores rurais saltaram directamente dos partidos de esquerda para o Chega ... quem os defende?
E volto ao último texto que li na A4 antes do primeiro lockdown.


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