"your methods suck"

Algo que intuí há algum tempo e que exemplifiquei aqui "Causas e 5 porquês":

"E contei-lhes um caso real desta semana: numa pequena localidade do centro do país, entrei num pequeno café que tem um pão d'avó muito bom para almoçar uma sandes. Reparei que estavam duas mulheres com pinta de ucranianas a falar entre si e a interagir com os telefones. Depois, entra um sr. Alberto que veio para ler o jornal do café, depois entra uma outra mulher para tomar um café e beber um copo de água. De repente os quatro começam a falar sobre as "queridas" da encarregada da fábrica têxtil em frente, que tinham sido seleccionadas para fazer horas-extra no Sábado e que só depois de terem confeccionado 700 peças é que descobriram que as tinham feito mal."

Em sintonia com estes trechos retirados de "Change is more like adding milk to coffee":

"There is no such thing as Resistance to Change - only smart response to dumb method
...
"People don´t resist change."
Can you say that to yourself, in your head? Now that is a start. But what is behind the behavior, then, that we are observing all the time, in change efforts, if it is not resistance to change? Take a step back and you will see that people act consciously and intelligently (overall), to other things than the change itself. They may resist loss of status and power - which is quite intelligent. They may resist injustice, stupidity and being changed. Which is also intelligent. The change may also cause need for learning that is not properly addressed. And these are the things that we have to deal with in change: power structures, status, injustice, consequence, our own stupidity, top-down command-and-control, and learning.
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"The more resistance to change you observe, the more likely it is that your methods suck."
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Instead of watching out for the possibility of resistance, we should watch out for common mistakes in implementing change and deal with the perfectly natural reactions to (our) poor interventions."

Prepare-se!

Estou a escrever estas linhas antes de sair para uma caminhada matinal arriscada, está a chover, onde vou ler um artigo que me enviaram ontem. A mensagem principal é: antecipe!

Antecipe a entrada no mundo digital, enquanto a sua sobrevivência é assegurada pelo retalho tradicional.

Nos últimas semanas já devo ter lido mais de 10 títulos onde a palavra recessão aparece. E isso já é um indicador avançado de algo. Quem me conhece sabe que vaticino um 2020 doloroso economicamente, sobretudo para quem vive do mercado interno.

2019 vai ser penoso para o PS, 2020 vai ser penoso para os portugueses https://t.co/LOvSUOMnAG

— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) March 3, 2019

Fundamental a vitória do PS em 2019, para ter de lidar com recessão europeia e lixo debaixo do tapete em 2020 https://t.co/CZaCzetU81 já comprei as pipocas

— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) October 7, 2018

Por isso, recomendo aos empresários das PMEs que leiam todos os artigos que possam encontrar sobre esta temática "How to Survive a Recession and Thrive Afterward".

Façam como as vacas, leiam e ruminem sobre a coisa. Ruminem para destilar o que será relevante para o caso de cada um. Alguns tópicos:

"during the recessions of 1980, 1990, and 2000, 17% of the 4,700 public companies they studied fared particularly badly: They went bankrupt, went private, or were acquired. But just as striking, 9% of the companies didn’t simply recover in the three years after a recession—they flourished, outperforming competitors by at least 10% in sales and profits growth. A more recent analysis by Bain using data from the Great Recession reinforced that finding. The top 10% of companies in Bain’s analysis saw their earnings climb steadily throughout the period and continue to rise afterward. A third study, by McKinsey, found similar results.
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The difference maker was preparation. Among the companies that stagnated in the aftermath of the Great Recession, “few made contingency plans or thought through alternative scenarios,” according to the Bain report. “When the downturn hit, they switched to survival mode, making deep cuts and reacting defensively.” Many of the companies that merely limp through a recession are slower to recover and never really catch up.
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Decentralized firms were better able to adjust to changing conditions.
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How should a company prepare in advance of a recession and what moves should it make when one hits? Research and case studies examining the Great Recession shed light on those questions. In some cases, they cement conventional wisdom; in others, they challenge it. Some of the most interesting findings deal with four areas: debt, decision making, workforce management, and digital transformation. The underlying message across all areas is that recessions are a high-pressure exercise in change management, and to navigate one successfully, a company needs to be flexible and ready to adjust."

“That’s how we’ve always done it.”

Este exemplo:

É um caso concreto de:

“That’s how we’ve always done it.”

"The other “commandment” is to become very suspicious anytime you ask, “Why do we do this like that?” and you receive the answer, “That’s how we’ve always done it.” If no one in the organization can explain why a certain practice is the best, or why the product has to offer certain features, that may reveal a bad habit. I suggest several activities the leaders of organizations can do to get to the bottom of this puzzle. First, write down key business processes and ask yourself if you understand why the organization is doing it this way. Then ask others in the company if they understand why. Finally, ask newcomers to the company — after they have been with the organization two or three months — what processes they have seen in the organization they do not understand.
...
You propose that an organization implement “change for change’s sake.” Why?
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There is value in the process of change itself. Many organizations are attached to certain processes and do not realize that when these processes become less relevant or do not work as well, it is time to change. I suggest not waiting for trouble; be proactive about making changes.
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When processes become routinized, silos develop across firms, communication and cooperation fade away, and certain departments begin to command a disproportionate amount of resources. If the company waits for these things to emerge, it is often too late and too difficult to change. Instead, the company should adopt minor but proactive changes on a consistent basis."

Trechos retirados de "How — and Why — You Need to Break Bad Business Habits"

Sindicatos. “É um absurdo” proibir o corte de árvores durante 15 anos

Com base numa ideia do @joaomiranda no Twitter:

A propósito de "Sindicatos. “É um absurdo” proibir a pesca da sardinha durante 15 anos"

'Playing Not to Lose Syndrome'

Mateus 25, 14:30

"His business suffered from slowing growth, systemic service problems, and aggressive and new competitors.
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However, he seemed unable or unwilling to alter his course. He was worried about changing too much and possibly making things worse. So, he chose to stay the course. Now, here he was having dinner with me, losing his company and unemployed.
...
This senior executive is a perfect example of a person who has the 'Playing Not to Lose Syndrome.' Instead of striving to win and thrive in business, he was merely hoping not to lose and make it through one more day.
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The real problem with doing just enough to get by and no more is that, like a person treading water, it ultimately doesn't work. At some point, you must swim to shore, or you will drown.
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People believe that if they keep their heads down, nothing will change. Yet they lose anyway and what they are trying so hard to protect gets blown up in the end. And yet, the human tendency is to hold tighter and tighter to the status quo as though it were a security blanket--not understanding that it's smothering them!"

Trechos retirados de "How Avoiding Harsh Realities Cost These Leaders Their Business"

"The dissatisfaction is fuel"

Não se pode ser um fanático do trabalho, por que tem de haver tempo para tudo. Afinal, por alguma razão na antiguidade, tenebrosa segundo muitos, criaram o dia de descanso semanal e tinham muitos feriados e festas religiosas.

No entanto, o problema da festa constante e da auto-satisfação reduz o stock de um importante combustível:

"For the creator who seeks to make something new, something better, something important, everywhere you look is something unsatisfying.
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The dissatisfaction is fuel. Knowing you can improve it, realizing that you can and will make things better—the side effect is that today isn't what it could be.
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You can't ignore the dissatisfaction, can't pretend the situation doesn't exist, not if you want to improve things.
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Living in dissatisfaction today is the price we pay for the obligation to improve things tomorrow."

"To discover that the unfamiliar is the comfortable familiar they seek"

"People will do a bad (a truly noxious) job for a long time because it feels familiar. Legions of people will stick with a dying industry because it feels familiar.
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The reason Kodak failed, it turns out, has nothing to do with grand corporate strategy (the people at the top saw it coming), and nothing to do with technology (the scientists and engineers got the early patents in digital cameras). Kodak failed because it was a chemical company and a bureaucracy, filled with people eager to do what they did yesterday.
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Change is the unfamiliar.
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Change creates incompetence.
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In the face of change, the critical questions that leaders must start with are, "Why did people come to work here today? What did they sign up for?"
...
The solution is as simple as it is difficult: If you want to build an organization that thrives in change (and on change), hire and train people to do the paradoxical: To discover that the unfamiliar is the comfortable familiar they seek. Skiers like going downhill when it's cold, scuba divers like getting wet. That's their comfortable familiar. Perhaps you and your team can view change the same way."

Trechos retirados de "In search of familiarity"

Um punhado de pérolas (II)

Parte I.

"Embrace External Trends.
The outside world can push you into Day 2 if you won’t or can’t embrace powerful trends quickly. If you fight them, you’re probably fighting the future. Embrace them and you have a tailwind.[Moi ici: Abraçar a mudança em vez de lhe resistir]
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These big trends are not that hard to spot (they get talked and written about a lot), but they can be strangely hard for large organizations to embrace.
...
High-Velocity Decision Making...
First, never use a one-size-fits-all decision-making process. Many decisions are reversible, two-way doors. Those decisions can use a light-weight process. For those, so what if you’re wrong? I wrote about this in more detail in last year’s letter.
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Second, most decisions should probably be made with somewhere around 70% of the information you wish you had. If you wait for 90%, in most cases, you’re probably being slow. Plus, either way, you need to be good at quickly recognizing and correcting bad decisions. If you’re good at course correcting, being wrong may be less costly than you think, whereas being slow is going to be expensive for sure."

Aceleração

Ao ler:

"The world has been fundamentally changed by digital networks and software. Businesses and customers which are connected by networked digital systems create amplified network effects which means the velocity of business and the level of competition and innovation are higher than they ever been ever been. To survive in this new environment every business, from the largest enterprises to the smallest sole proprietor, must accelerate and fundamentally change their customer development processes. Increasing the ability of a business to adapt to a changing world has never been more important."

Lembrei-me logo da citação de Jack Welch:

“If the rate of change on the outside exceeds the rate of change on the inside, the end is near.”

O que me fez fazer a ponte com uma daquelas conversas de circunstâncias que se têm enquanto se espera que a escritura de uma casa seja redigida. Ouvi alguém dizer:

- Já compararam a velocidade, a quantidade de estímulos visuais, entre um episódio de desenhos animados de 1980 com um de 2010? Uma criança de hoje não tem pachorra para o ritmo de caracol dos anos 80.

E o bolbo raquidiano deixou-se tocar e fez-me recuar aos anos 80 e à série documental na televisão onde Alvin Toffler visitava uma fábrica abandonada, onde na sua juventude tinha trabalhado, e tentava mostrar como as instituições políticas nascidas no século XIX teriam dificuldade em adaptar-se à velocidade de Mongo.

E fecho com uma recordação dos primeiros tempos da minha vida profissional no final dos anos 80 do século passado. Ainda não se usava fax mas usava-se o telex e o telefone. Em visita com o meu chefe, o director técnico da empresa onde trabalhava, a um cliente. Um deles, ás tantas, diz com saudade:

- Lembra-se de quando as encomendas eram feitas por carta?

 Como é que a sua empresa evolui para aproveitar este aumento da velocidade?

Trecho inicial retirado de "Why has the level of business competition levels been turned up to 11? Or: Why is the lean customer development process important?"

Dar a volta

A vida de uma empresa é, de certa forma, uma espécie de jogo, não um jogo de equilíbrio mas um jogo de turbulência.
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Quem quer manter o equilíbrio acaba por cristalizar e não acompanhar a evolução, às vezes vertiginosa, do contexto. Os outsiders, acham que quando uma empresa encerra há marosca, que a gestão foi má ou que houve ilegalidade, ou que ...
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A verdade é que a maior parte das empresas não dura 20 anos. A anos bons sucedem-se anos maus, porque a uma velocidade superior à velocidade a que uma empresa se consegue transformar:

• os clientes mudaram;
• o governo mudou as regras do mercado;
• os concorrentes mudaram;
• os não-concorrentes mudaram.

E ainda, além de tudo isto, ás vezes também se tomam decisões arriscadas, não são boas nem más, porque tudo depende do desenrolar do futuro. Quando o futuro chega, muitas empresas têm de mudar. Quando uma empresa percebe que tem de mudar, que tem de se transformar radicalmente para tentar voltar a jogar usando outra vida, muitos "outsiders" tentam dificultar-lhe a vida porque vão despedir pessoas, porque vão fechar instalações, porque vão deixar de vender produtos ou serviços com que perdiam dinheiro. Trata-se de um tema já abordado nesta série "despedir é sempre resultado de uma maldade ou de preguiça da gestão" e aflorado nesta reflexão sobre a disrupção em curso no sector bancário.

.

Por tudo isto, faz sentido pensar em:

"When a company is in free fall, it makes sense to replace the management team, for all sorts of reasons. [Moi ici: A razão porque Zapatero e Sócrates não deviam ter chefiado os respectivos segundos governos] First, you need to inject new energy into a tired organization under stress. Second, you need to ensure that the team you’re building is made up of people with open minds who want to invent the future, not just defend the past. It’s unreasonable to expect the architects of the strategies and practices that led to your downfall to see the error of their ways, or the right path forward. Instead, you need to find leaders and employees with a rebellious spirit. Third, you need to locate key employees at the front line and promote them — as a source of knowledge and energy, and as a signal that the future will be about merit and open-mindedness. Finally, you need to make change happen relatively quickly. If you replace your team gradually (which can be tempting because it seems less disruptive), you’ll lose valuable time, and the employees you bring in will begin to absorb the organizational biases of the past.
...
Reversing free fall takes enormous energy and resources. Leaders who succeed at the job usually do so by combing through the company in search of noncore assets to shed, businesses to sell, activities to stop, functions to eliminate, and product lines to simplify,[Moi ici: Coisas que os outsiders consideram manobras de "direitolas"]
...
Companies in free fall have a lot to fix but seldom have all of the tools they need. They usually find that they are missing at least one capability crucial for adapting their business model to new conditions. Nearly all of the 50 cases of successful reversal of free fall that we have studied required at least one major new capability. It’s extremely hard to focus on new capabilities when you’re in free fall, but if you don’t, everything else you try to do may be for naught."

Trechos retirados de "How to Pull Your Company Out of a Tailspin"

"Never be reactionary if you can help it."

Imaginem a quantidade de sectores económicos a quem o título se aplica "So Your Industry Is Changing. Now What?"

• Lacticínios;
• Suinicultores;
• Táxis;
• Calçado;
• Vestuário;
• Retalho físico;
• Mobiliário;
• Construção;
• ...

"Even the savviest founders aren't always the first ones out of the gate with the next big idea. But the best ones don't panic. They learn from what their fellow entrepreneurs are doing, sure, but they also know that the key to staying one step ahead and not letting new, shiny innovation swallow them whole lies not in replicating the technology of their peers, but in digging in deeper with their audience."

Como é que os dirigentes associativos mais mediatizados costumam reagir perante a mudança? Defendendo o passado e anatemizando a mudança:

"Think of disruption as one big, jarring piece of user feedback on your industry as a whole and you'll have a good jumping off point to make the necessary adjustments.
...
When your industry is thrust into change, you have only one acceptable outcome: product transformation. Get excited, embrace it - these opportunities to grow don't come around every day. Stay one step ahead by first taking a big step back and doing an audit on yourself.
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First, assess your current customer experience. What's missing from making it more seamless? Draw up a roadmap of your product compared to your newest, flashy competitor's. Where are the forks in that road? Put yourself back in the mindset of your customer and ask where the pain points, however small, exist on your road."

Esta é demasiado forte:

"Never be reactionary if you can help it." 

Trechos retirados de "So Your Industry Is Changing. Now What?"

Uma questão de postura

Acerca dos que abraçam a mudança em vez de lhe resistir:

"When in doubt, try wings.
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Wings use finesse more than sheer force. Wings work with the surrounding environment, not against it. Wings are elegant, not brutal."

A propósito de "Comissão diz que proibir serviços como a Uber e Airbnb só em “último recurso”"

Trecho retirado de "Add engines until airborne"

"mesmo sem ter nada a ver com tecnologia"

"Hackathons Aren’t Just for Coders" pois não, até poderiam ser úteis na sua PME, mesmo sem ter nada a ver com tecnologia.

"Hackathons are no longer just for coders. Companies far outside the tech world are using these intense brainstorming and development sessions to stir up new ideas on everything from culture change to supply chain management.
...
At their best, hackathons create a structure and process around idea development. Sure, breaking out of the day-to-day routine can reinvigorate and inspire staff, but hackathons also demonstrate to employees that innovation is not only welcomed but also expected. Well-run hackathons lead to concrete ideas for new products and processes that can improve the customer experience and increase growth."

O facto de no fim as equipas terem de apresentar uma proposta... não chega mandar bocas e voltar ao ramram.

O que pode correr mal

Vi esta figura ainda antes deste século ter começado. Nunca a esqueci:

Sistematiza o que pode correr mal num projecto.

Inovação versus incumbação

"A colleague recently minted a new word by accident — incumbation”. It won’t catch on but its fleeting appearance made me wonder what such a term, if it existed, might define: the opposite of innovation.
As grimy layers of admin accrete on the original bright ideals of their founders, incumbent companies become prone to inertia and what Gary Hamel, the management thinker, has called “bureausclerosis”. Such complacency is bad. But some of the methods that established companies use to protect themselves are worse.
...
Recumbent incumbents are almost always doomed. The good news is that technology and transparency have already cut away at the distribution and information monopolies that used to shelter large, lazy companies. The bad news is that survivors will continue to use foul means as well as fair to protect themselves. Their misguided attempts at self-preservation can hobble the advance of more original, more innovative competitors."

Como não recordar "Abraçar a mudança" ou "Engaging emergence".
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Como não recordar o tempo perdido, a largura de banda da atenção ocupada com tantos recursos desviados para defender o passado nos têxteis:

• Já tenho dado para este peditório ao longo dos anos neste blogue (Maio de 2011)
• "Por que é que calçado e têxtil têm tido desempenhos tão diferentes?" (Março de 2013)
• O tempo que se terá perdido... (Julho de 2014)

Trechos retirados de "Incumbents, dark arts and the opposite of innovation"

O sucesso passado é um perigo, porque cria uma nova realidade

E Joe Calloway em "Becoming a Category of One" continua a merecer ser lido.
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Recordando o postal de ontem "Reflexão sobre a competitividade, com ou sem euro" e aquele momento em que a taxa de esemprego chegou aos 3,9%, julgo que estes trechos explicam parte do que aconteceu:

"Success Means You Know What Used to Work (Moi ici: Julgo que há uma frase de Hayek neste mesmo sentido)
...
The way you used to do it won ’ t work much longer. It ’ s not because you ’ re necessarily doing anything wrong, it ’ s just that everything about the way we do business is changing. It ’ s changing now, as you read this. And it ’ s going to keep on changing. (Moi ici: Basta olhar para os jornais para ver essa mudança. Por exemplo, o esboroar do modelo de negócio da Nespresso em "Nespresso brews plans to see off rivals", uma alteração local que muda uma certa paisagem competitiva "London Tube plans grocery services at stations". BTW, acho estranho que só agora é que o Tube se tenha lembrado desta possibilidade. Como dizem os especialistas do retalho "Location, location, location")
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It ’ s become a challenge to even defi ne what business you ’ re in anymore.
...
New competitors are everywhere for everybody.
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Past Success Is the EnemyPast success can be, and usually is, the enemy of future success. This is a rule that I live by in my own business. What it means is simply that if you have a track record of past success, and you are
good at what you do, then I would say two things to you.
...
you have put yourself in a very dangerous position. When companies or individuals become successful, they inevitably experience the pull of an almost irresistible force — complacency. The greatest danger of past success is that you might relax into thinking that you “ know how this business works. ” Every successful company must be on guard against the threat of complacency. You have to create a sense of urgency every day in every thing you do.
...
if you ’ re successful, that means you know what used to work . If you ’ re successful, that means that you can compete and win in markets that no longer exist . They ’ re gone. The game starts over today and it will start over again tomorrow. ”(Moi ici: Não há direitos adquiridos, tudo está sempre em questão)
...
don ’ t make assumptions about what will work tomorrow based on what worked yesterday, especially in the area of processes, procedures, strategies, and operations.
...
Prosperity can be very dangerous for any company. It can lead you to believe that you ’ ve cracked the code, or “ figured this business out, ” or that you “ know how this business works. ”
No. You know how it used to work. To stop and relax for more than a brief moment is one of the most dangerous things you can do in a marketplace that changes constantly."

E, para terminar, relacionando com o desempenho das empresas que, perante a derrocada do mercado interno, acordaram, nos últimos anos, para a necessidade de exportarem, este trecho:

"Looking back over my own career, it ’ s clear that some of the most significant periods of progress that I experienced were caused by what seemed at the time like crisis, not opportunity.
I had fallen prey to relaxing because my business was experiencing success and customers were happy, and I could see absolutely no reason to do anything other than what was already working. It was as if someone had installed one of those invisible fences around me, like the ones you would use to train your pet not to wander away from your yard. My invisible fence was made up of the boundaries that complacency had erected in my mind. I thought I was safe because nothing was changing."

Claro, o truque é este:

"learn to create their own sense of urgency without waiting for a crisis to come down the road and shake them out of complacency.
...´
Far from resisting change, they are running with change to create their own future (Moi ici: Abraçar a mudança, em vez de lhe resistir) rather than leave it to chance and circumstances that are out of their control."

E recordando a artesã:

"The product may not change, but the reasons people buy the product will change. Nothing stays the same.
Success Creates a New Reality
The very act of becoming successful demands that you change."

.A vida das empresas é este eterno ir e vir de estratégias, como as ondas numa praia... como aprendi com Beinhocker:

“We discovered that there is no one best strategy; rather, the evolutionary process creates an ecosystem of strategies – an ecosystem that changes over time in Schumpeterian gales of creative destruction.”

"there are three things that are really critical"

""What does it mean to be a leader in this kind of environment today?," asked Gary Hamel. "Beyond all the technical skills and so on, for me there are three things that are really critical.
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One is, you have to be a contrarian in your heart. You have to be able to look at what everybody else takes for granted and say, is there another way of doing this? (Moi ici: Só assim se dão os saltos quânticos que ultrapassam a melhoria incremental)
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Number two, you have to have a lot of courage today. You have to be able to look beyond what everybody else takes as best practice. (Moi ici: A coragem de seguir o caminho menos percorridol)
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And I think the third and most important thing is, if you really want to be a change leader, is you have to have compassion. People have to believe that you are not fighting your corner. This is not about IT; it's not even just about the business. It's about working from the customer backwards. And when people understand that that's who I'm here for, and that's my ultimate reference point, and how do I improve the quality of life, people will give you enormous amount of runway to try things, to take risks, to experiment. I think that that contrarian heart and that compassionate spirit, that courage, those are huge multipliers for anybody today who's trying to be a leader in this chaotic world we're in."

Trecho retirado de "How CIOs Can Change the Game"

Abraçar a mudança

• "Abraçar a MUDANÇA em vez de lhe resistir"
• "Abraçar a MUDANÇA em vez de lhe resistir (parte II)"

A propósito de "Embrace the Business Model That Threatens You":

"If your company is already well established and has smart management, it is likely that it will become a hybrid in the next ten years, blending its legacy business with a new business model that is rising to threaten it."

“Ready or not, here I come!”

À atenção das associações empresariais.

“Market transitions wait for no one.” Not for your customers. Not for your partners. Not for your competitors. And not for you. When the time comes, that sets the time. And just like when you were a kid playing hide and seek, there’s a voice that comes out of nowhere calling, “Ready or not, here I come!”

À atenção dos empresários.

"But step back and take stock. The world is more powerful than you. The market is more powerful than you. Your customers are more powerful than you. And the sum of all your partners and competitors—the ecosystem—is more powerful than you. And just to put the cap on it, nobody really cares about you except you."

À atenção de quem olha para as empresas como vacas leiteiras sempre à mão para impostar.
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Trecho retirado de "Escape Velocity - Free Your Company’s Future from the Pull of the Past" de Geoffrey A. Moore.