Do concreto para o abstracto e não o contrário (parte III)

"We're taught to follow instructions, to avoid significant risk and to be good at compliance. The system prefers it that way, at least when things aren't in flux. But we can learn to make assertions instead.
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Every once in awhile, we see a change in the world and have the chance to speak up, to lay out a plan, to make an argument about how to proceed. We have a chance to lead."

Trecho retirado de "The most important journeys come without a map", ou seja, como não recordar o meu aviso a Zapatero...

Quando o mundo muda deixamos de poder usar as sebentas que os académicos aprenderam quando tinham 20 anos por que essas regras ficam obsoletas. Só nos restas tactear, fuçar e iterar até que algo de concreto funcione.

BTW, "Models of Models":

""Models are conjectures—hypotheses. They are not formed by deduction or induction but by abduction—inferring the most likely story to explain the evidence. Abduction is the creative heart of science, engineering, and design. Its mechanism remains unknown—though preparation and persistence may aid the process. Models are not the special province of science. We use them all the time. Models help us recognize new situations as similar to others we have encountered. Without a model, recognizing the similarities might be difficult. Models also help us predict likely futures: what actions other actors may take, consequences of those actions, and what actions best respond to threats or most efficiently help us pursue our goals. Armed with our models’ predictions, we act accordingly."